Annual Report 2023

Implementing the Circular Economy Requires Concrete Guidelines

Switzerland has had an Environmental Protection Act (EPA) since 1983, which protects humans, animals, and plants from harmful impacts. Over the past 40 years, the Federal Council has issued numerous regulations to specify these goals. While many measures aim to address existing damage, there are also preventive regulations. Some environmental measures were cost-neutral or led to long-term financial benefits, but most incurred costs. The success of environmental protection legislation is based on clear cost-bearing rules and specific guidelines. To implement a circular economy, concrete indicators and clear cost regulations are necessary. One example of the circular economy is the recovery of phosphorus from sewage sludge, which requires investments but brings long-term benefits.